NCC Glazing Compliance for Aluminium Windows and Doors: A Practical Project Guide

Glazing compliance is the point where architectural intent, product certification and site work meet, and it is also where most aluminium window and door packages lose time. A window can be correctly specified, correctly manufactured and still fail at inspection because the installation does not match the tested system, because the glass in a doorway was never classified for human impact, or because nobody kept a record of what was installed. NCC glazing compliance in Australia is therefore not a single certificate. It is a chain of evidence that runs from a code clause to a product test report, from a test report to a project-specific glass schedule, and from that schedule to a signed installation record.

This guide sets out that chain for NCC 2025 projects using aluminium windows and external glazed doors. It is written for builders, building surveyors, facade consultants, architects, project managers and window suppliers who need to coordinate the requirements rather than read them in isolation. It draws on the published NCC structure administered by the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB), the Standards Australia documents that the NCC calls up, and the certification position of Meichen International Windows & Doors. It does not reproduce clause text; where a clause is referenced, the reference is a pointer to the official publication, and the project team should read the adopted edition that applies in its jurisdiction.

What NCC Glazing Compliance Means on a Real Project

The Compliance Task, Defined Early

Stated plainly, the compliance task is this: for every external window and external glazed door on the schedule, assemble and retain documented evidence that four separate obligations are satisfied at the same time. First, the opening must be structurally separated from the building so that building loads are not transferred into the window assembly. Second, the glass must be selected for the wind and structural loads acting on that specific opening and for the human-impact risk at that specific location. Third, the installed assembly must match the system that was tested and certified, including fixings, packers, seals and clearances. Fourth, the glazing and frame combination must meet the energy-efficiency provisions that apply to the building class and climate zone.

Those four obligations are handled by different people at different times. The structural obligation sits with the builder and frame installer. The glass selection obligation sits with the glazing supplier and, on larger projects, the facade engineer. The energy obligation sits with the energy assessor or facade thermal consultant. The installation obligation sits with the installer and is verified by the building surveyor or inspector. Compliance fails most often at the handover between these parties, not inside any one of them. A glass schedule that satisfies AS 1288 but ignores the NCC human-impact provisions is a common example; so is a certified window system installed without the packers and clearances assumed in the test.

Performance Requirements, Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions and Performance Solutions

The NCC works through performance requirements supported by deemed-to-satisfy (DTS) provisions. A performance requirement states the outcome that must be achieved, for example that glazing in a location where people move must not expose them to unreasonable risk of injury. The DTS provisions are the prescriptive recipes that are accepted as satisfying that outcome. A project can follow the DTS provisions directly, or it can adopt a performance solution that demonstrates the same outcome by other means, such as expert judgement, a verified calculation or an alternative test.

For glazing, the DTS route is almost always the cheaper and faster route, because it aligns with the way products are tested and certified. Performance solutions become relevant on unusual geometry, very large panels, heritage facades, or where a client wants a visual result that the prescriptive rules do not readily permit. Either way, the evidence must be project-specific. A generic brochure claim is not a performance solution, and a test report for a different size or configuration is not evidence for the opening in front of the inspector.

NCC 2025: Scope for Windows and External Glazed Doors

Which Volume Applies to the Project

NCC 2025 is structured in volumes by building classification. Class 1 buildings, typically houses and attached dwellings, and Class 10 buildings and structures are covered by Volume Two together with the ABCB Housing Provisions, which operate as a standalone set of residential provisions. Class 2 to Class 9 buildings, which include apartments, offices, retail, schools and hospitals, are covered by Volume One. The glazing rules that most residential projects deal with sit in the Housing Provisions, while larger projects are more likely to encounter Volume One provisions together with referenced Australian Standards and, frequently, a project-specific facade specification.

The practical consequence is that the same window product can face two different compliance documents depending on the building it goes into. A supplier’s certification to AS 2047 does not, by itself, tell a project which NCC provisions apply. That determination belongs to the building surveyor or certifier, and it should be confirmed in writing at the start of the project rather than at documentation stage.

What the Window and Glazed Door Provisions Cover, and What They Exclude

The NCC provisions for windows and external glazed doors address windows and glazed doors in a vertical plane that form part of the building envelope. They generally do not address internal doors, revolving doors, fixed louvres, skylights and rooflights, glazing that is not in a vertical plane, or frameless sliding assemblies, which are dealt with by other provisions or fall outside the scope entirely. Shopfronts, curtain walls and window walls on commercial buildings are normally engineered as separate facade systems rather than as a window schedule item.

This scope boundary matters at the edges of a project. A glazed door that is part of a shopfront, a frameless glass entry, or a glazed balustrade may be outside the window provisions but still subject to human-impact and structural requirements elsewhere in the NCC. The safe approach is to map every glazed element on the drawings to the provision that governs it, and to record that mapping in the compliance documentation.

Structural Load Separation

The Load-Transfer Rule and the Head Gap

An aluminium window is not a structural member. It is designed to carry wind load applied to its own area and to transfer that load to the building through its fixings; it is not designed to carry the weight of the structure above it. The NCC installation provisions give effect to that principle by requiring that loads from the building structure are not transferred to the window assembly, and by requiring a gap between the top of the window assembly and the load-bearing framing above it. The commonly applied DTS dimension for that head gap is 10 mm, maintained after the frame is fixed and packed.

In practice, the head gap is lost in three ways. The frame is packed tight at the head to make the reveal look neat. The gap is closed with a rigid mortar or render that later transfers slab deflection into the frame. Or the gap is present at installation but disappears after the building settles, because the opening was framed outside tolerance. Each of these produces the same failure mode: the window becomes a load path, the frame distorts, the sash no longer closes cleanly, and the seals that were tested as part of the system no longer bear evenly on the frame.

Fixings, Packers and Tolerances

Fixings transfer wind load from the frame to the structure, so their type, spacing and embedment matter as much as the frame itself. The fixing schedule should come from the window system supplier and should match the substrate actually present on site: timber stud, steel stud, concrete, or a proprietary bracket. Packers should be positioned at fixing points rather than in the middle of a span, and they should be capable of carrying the load without compressing over time. Sealant is a weather seal, not a structural shim.

Opening tolerances deserve the same attention. If the structural opening is twisted or out of square beyond the adjustment available in the frame, the installer has two options: correct the opening, or force the frame. Forcing the frame introduces locked-in stress that shows up later as cracked glass, failed corner joints, or a sash that racks. A pre-installation survey of every opening, recorded against the shop drawing, is inexpensive compared with removing and reinstalling a failed unit.

Wind Actions and Test Evidence

Wind load on glazing is determined from the structural wind actions standard for the building type, with AS/NZS 1170.2 applied to engineered buildings and AS 4055 providing the housing wind class approach for Class 1 and Class 10 buildings in many jurisdictions. The resulting design pressure, expressed as a positive and negative pressure at the serviceability and ultimate limit states, is what the window system must be rated for. The system’s rating comes from laboratory testing and is reported for defined sizes; a rating at one size does not automatically extend to a larger panel or to a different mullion configuration.

This is where a supplier’s test evidence needs to be read carefully. Test reports identify the specimen, the size, the configuration, the glazing make-up and the pressures achieved. If the project opening is larger than the tested specimen, or the glass make-up differs, the project team needs a documented extension of the evidence, such as an engineering assessment from the supplier or a project-specific test. Inspectors increasingly ask for that link, and a certificate number without a size comparison is not a complete answer.

Glass Selection Under AS 1288

Design Loads, Glass Type and Support Conditions

AS 1288, Glass in buildings, is the standard that governs the selection and installation of glass so that it performs safely under the loads and conditions expected in service. Selection depends on the glass type, the nominal thickness, the panel dimensions and aspect ratio, the support conditions on all four edges, the design wind pressure, and the applicable human-impact requirements. A glass schedule is therefore a calculation output, not a preference. Two panels of the same size in the same facade can require different glass if one is adjacent to a door and the other is a fixed highlight.

For aluminium window and door systems, glass selection is normally done by the system supplier using the tested configuration as the starting point, and then checked by the project’s engineer or facade consultant where the building is engineered. The important discipline is that the glass specified on the schedule, the glass ordered, and the glass delivered are the same product, with the same interlayer or coating, and are traceable by label or etch to the supplier and the batch. Substitution on site without a documented re-check is one of the most common sources of non-compliance found at final inspection.

Insulating Glass Units and AS/NZS 4666

Where double glazing is specified, the insulating glass unit becomes a product in its own right. AS/NZS 4666 sets out requirements for insulating glass units, including the durability of the edge seal and the performance of the unit as a factory-made assembly. The relevance to compliance is practical rather than academic: a unit with a failed edge seal will fog internally, and a fogged unit no longer delivers the thermal and visual performance the project specified. Units should be ordered to the correct make-up, handled so that the edge seal is not damaged, glazed with the correct setting blocks and clearances, and recorded with the unit identification so that a future failure can be traced to a batch.

Glazing clearance is part of the same discipline. Glass must not be installed hard against aluminium or against a fixing. Setting blocks, edge clearances and face clearances are specified by the system and by AS 1288, and they exist to accommodate thermal movement and deflection. A frame that is glazed without them may survive the first summer and fail in the second.

Thermal Metrics and Whole-of-Window Performance

Energy-efficiency provisions in the NCC are satisfied using thermal metrics that describe the whole glazed opening, not the glass alone. The U-value describes the rate of heat transfer through the assembly per unit area per kelvin of temperature difference, and a lower value indicates better insulation. The solar heat gain coefficient describes the fraction of incident solar radiation admitted as heat, and a lower value reduces cooling load. Both are affected by the frame material, the thermal break, the spacer, the glass make-up and the size of the opening, which is why a whole-of-window value cannot be inferred from a glass datasheet.

Two rules keep this area honest. First, use the value reported for the specific system and make-up, from a report that names both. Second, do not transfer a value from a different configuration, a different size, or a different climate assessment. Where the project uses an energy rating tool or a reference-building method, the glazing specification is an input and must match what was modelled; a change of glass after the rating is issued invalidates the rating unless it is re-run.

Human-Impact Safety Glazing

Where Safety Glazing Is Required

Human impact is the glazing risk that causes the most injuries and the most failed inspections, because the requirement follows location rather than structural need. The NCC human-impact provisions require safety glazing in positions where a person is likely to strike the glass: in doors and door leaves, in panels adjacent to doors, in glazing that extends below a defined sight line, in areas where people move toward the glass without an obvious barrier, and in wet areas such as bathrooms and around pools where a fall could drive a person through the panel.

The provisions work from sight-line heights above floor level, and the heights commonly used in the NCC tables are 500 mm, 1.2 m and 2.0 m. The principle is that glass which a standing or moving person can strike with their body, rather than with an outstretched hand, must be safety glazing. A full-height fixed panel beside an entry door is the classic case. A highlight window well above head height is not. Between those extremes, the project team must apply the table, not a rule of thumb.

Grades, Marking and On-Site Verification

Safety glazing is classified under AS 2208, Safety glazing materials in buildings, which establishes the performance grades, including the Grade A and Grade B classifications used in the NCC. Grade A is the higher impact classification and is the grade normally required in the locations the NCC identifies as high risk, such as door leaves and adjacent panels. Toughened glass, laminated glass and certain laminated assemblies can all achieve safety glazing classification, but only in the thickness and configuration that was tested and classified.

Classification must be visible on the product. Safety glazing is required to be permanently marked in a way that identifies the standard and grade, and the mark must survive cleaning and normal use. At inspection, the check is straightforward: confirm the mark on every panel, confirm that the mark corresponds to the grade the schedule requires, and confirm that no panel has been replaced with unmarked glass. Where a panel is obscured by a film or a coating applied after manufacture, the marking requirement still applies, and the project should not accept a panel whose classification cannot be demonstrated.

Visibility is a separate issue from strength. The NCC also addresses the risk of a person walking into a glazed panel that appears to be an opening, and requires visual indication in defined locations. Manifestation, applied markings, or a framed element that interrupts the glass are the usual solutions. This is a design coordination item: a beautiful full-height glass wall is a compliance problem if nobody can see it.

AS 2047 and AS 4284: Product Evidence Before Site Work

What AS 2047 Certification Establishes

AS 2047, Windows and external glazed doors in buildings, is the product standard against which window and door systems are tested and certified in Australia. Certification to AS 2047 establishes that a defined system, at defined sizes and configurations, has met the structural, water penetration and air infiltration performance requirements of the standard. It is the foundation of the compliance chain, because it gives the project a tested baseline from which the installation requirements and the glass selection can be assessed.

Certification has boundaries that need to be respected. It applies to the system as tested, including its frame profiles, drainage arrangement, seals and hardware. It applies to the size range covered by the test or by a documented extension. It does not certify the installation, the substrate, the glass make-up if that differs from the tested specimen, or the project’s wind pressure if that exceeds the rated performance. A certificate is the beginning of the evidence trail, not the end of it.

AS 4284 Testing and Water Tightness

AS 4284, Testing of building facades, is the test method used to evaluate the performance of facade assemblies, including windows and glazed doors, under simulated wind and water conditions. A system tested to AS 4284 is subjected to differential pressure while water is applied, and the pressure at which water penetrates the assembly is recorded. That result is what allows a supplier to state a water tightness performance figure, and it is the figure a specifier should compare against the project’s design pressure.

Meichen’s tested water tightness reaches up to 960 Pa under AS 4284, the level its coastal SD205-AS960 sliding and stacker door range is named for. That is a laboratory result for the tested system and configuration, and it should be read as such: it demonstrates capability well above typical residential design pressures, and it is relevant to coastal and high-rise exposure, but it does not remove the need to check the project’s own pressure, size and configuration against the tested specimen.

What the Certificate Does Not Replace

Three things sit outside any product certificate. The first is the project’s structural design, which determines the pressure the window must resist. The second is the glass schedule, which determines whether the correct glass is in the frame. The third is the installation, which determines whether the tested system is actually the system on the wall. Compliance is the sum of all four, and a project that can produce a certificate but not a glass schedule or an installation record is not compliant; it is simply documented at one end.

Installation Records and Hold Points

The Record Set

Installation records are the part of the compliance package most often assembled retroactively, which is exactly when they are least reliable. A practical record set for a window and door package includes the approved shop drawings, the structural opening survey, the fixing and packing schedule, the sealant and membrane specification, the glass schedule with make-up and classification, the product certificates and test reports, the delivery dockets with batch or unit identification, the installation checklists signed by the installer, and the photographic record of each opening at each stage.

Photographs are worth more than they cost. A dated image of the head gap before the architrave goes on, of the packers at each fixing, of the flashing and sill membrane, and of the safety glazing mark on each panel answers most inspection questions without argument. The images should be filed against the opening number used on the shop drawings so that they can be retrieved by location rather than by date.

Hold Points That Prevent Rework

Four hold points cover most of the risk. The first is pre-installation: opening dimensions, squareness, and the condition of the sill and flashing are checked and signed off before any frame is placed. The second is frame fixing: fixings, packers, head gap and alignment are inspected before closing reveals. The third is glazing: glass make-up, safety classification, setting blocks and clearances are checked before beads or trims are fitted. The fourth is pre-handover: operation of every sash, drainage paths, sealant continuity, and the presence of all markings are confirmed.

Each hold point should have a named person responsible and a record that the check occurred. Where the project has a building surveyor or independent inspector, those records are the evidence they will ask for, and producing them at the time is far cheaper than reconstructing them after a defect is reported.

Condensation Management

Why Aluminium Frames Condense

Condensation is not a glazing defect; it is a symptom of moisture, temperature and thermal bridging occurring together. Aluminium conducts heat readily, so an unbroken aluminium frame becomes a cold surface in winter, and warm moist indoor air condensing on that surface produces water on the frame, the reveal and sometimes the sill. The same mechanism produces condensation on the room-side face of single glazing in cold climates. The result is not only discomfort: persistent moisture supports mould growth, damages linings, and can stain or corrode components.

The NCC addresses condensation through its condensation management provisions, which deal with moisture sources, ventilation, exhaust of wet-area air, and the control of water vapour through the building envelope. Those provisions sit alongside the energy-efficiency requirements, and they should be read together, because a well-insulated but poorly ventilated building can condense more than a leaky one.

Design and Installation Measures

Four measures reduce risk. Thermally broken frames separate the inner and outer aluminium surfaces and lift the inner surface temperature. Double or triple glazing raises the room-side glass temperature and reduces the area available for condensation. Controlled ventilation removes moisture at source, particularly in bathrooms, kitchens and laundries, and is a building services item rather than a window item. And a continuous, correctly lapped weather barrier with a drained and ventilated cavity keeps incidental water out of the wall assembly while allowing vapour to escape.

Installation details matter as much as product selection. A frame that is sealed on both faces of the wall traps moisture in the cavity; a sill that drains inward rather than outward moves water into the building; a reveal that is packed solid with mortar creates a thermal bridge and a moisture path. The window supplier should provide the interface details, and the builder should confirm that the flashing, membrane and sealant sequence is buildable before the first frame goes in.

State and Territory Variations

How Variations Work

The NCC is a model code. It has legal effect only through adoption by each state and territory, and each jurisdiction publishes its own adoption timetable and variations. Those variations can change a definition, add a requirement, or defer a provision, and they can matter directly to glazing: a variation that changes energy provisions alters the glass and frame specification, and a variation that changes documentation requirements alters what the certifier will accept.

New South Wales is the clearest example of an additional layer. A BASIX certificate applies to new dwellings and many alterations, and it sets energy and water commitments that go beyond the NCC minimum. The glazing specified on the drawings must match the BASIX commitment, and a later change of glass type or area can invalidate the certificate. Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory each administer the NCC through their own building regulators and permit processes, with their own variation schedules and their own forms of construction compliance certificate or permit documentation.

The practical rule is to obtain the applicable variation schedule from the project’s jurisdiction at design stage, record the edition and date in the specification, and confirm with the certifier which edition applies to the permit application date rather than the design date. Projects that span a code transition are the ones most exposed.

Bushfire and Cyclone Regions

Two regional overlays change glazing specification more than any other. In bushfire-prone areas, construction requirements derived from AS 3959 apply, and the bushfire attack level can require protected glazing, shutters or screens, and specific sealing of the envelope. In cyclonic and high-wind regions, windborne debris provisions can require debris-resistant glazing or shutters in addition to the pressure rating. Both overlays should be identified at the start of the project, because they affect the glass schedule, the frame system and the fixing design simultaneously, and retrofitting them after fabrication is expensive.

New Zealand Context

SNZ TS 4211:2022 and SNZ 4223

New Zealand projects use a different standards framework, even where the window product is similar. SNZ TS 4211:2022 is the technical specification applied to window and door performance, and SNZ 4223 covers glazing in buildings. Together with the New Zealand Building Code, they define the performance evidence a window system needs for a New Zealand consent. A product certified for Australia is not automatically accepted in New Zealand, and a product certified for New Zealand is not automatically accepted in Australia; the two certification scopes are separate and should be checked separately.

Meichen holds New Zealand certification for 13 product lines against SNZ TS 4211:2022 and SNZ 4223. For a New Zealand project, the certificate scope should be matched to the specific product line, size and configuration being supplied, in the same way that an Australian AS 2047 certificate is matched.

Building Code and Product Assurance

The New Zealand Building Code deals with the same underlying risks under different clause references: structure, durability, external moisture, safety from falling, and energy efficiency. External moisture is the clause that most often shapes window installation details, because the accepted solution for a drained and ventilated cavity, flashing sequence and air seal is prescribed rather than left to project judgement. Consent documentation is assessed by a building consent authority, and the product information requirements under New Zealand’s building product assurance regime mean that manufacturer information must be available and reliable.

For suppliers, the practical implication is that New Zealand projects need New Zealand evidence: test reports to the cited New Zealand or joint standards, installation details that match the accepted solution, and product information that a consent authority can assess. Australian test reports can support an assessment, but they do not replace the New Zealand certification scope.

Meichen’s Certification Position

Meichen International Windows & Doors is an aluminium window and door manufacturer with 18 to 19 years of industry experience and a dedicated focus on the Australian and New Zealand markets since 2017. Manufacturing takes place in a 20,000 square metre facility, with aluminium supplied through AAG, glass through CSG, and hardware sourced from specialist ANZ hardware suppliers with more than ten years of experience in Australian and New Zealand requirements.

The Australian certification scope covers AS 2047, AS 4284, AS 1288, AS 4666 and AS 2208, with 43 product series certified. Product ranges include the ultra-slim coastal SD205-AS960 sliding and stacker doors, the SLMA100-20 slim sliding window, the MC140 sliding door, the MC100 series in awning, fixed, tilt and turn and double hung configurations, the MA73 bi-fold door, the MD150 series, the ApexAwning 100/150-AS960, and the BA150 curtain wall series, together with louvres, balustrades and shower enclosures.

Meichen is actively pursuing CodeMark certification, which is the highest level of product certification available in Australia. CodeMark is not currently held. Projects that require CodeMark, or that specify it as a mandatory acceptance criterion, should confirm the status directly with the supplier at the time of tender rather than assume it from marketing material.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is NCC 2025 glazing compliance the same as AS 2047 certification?

No. AS 2047 certification is product evidence for a defined window or door system at defined sizes. NCC compliance is project evidence that the correct product, the correct glass, the correct installation and the correct energy performance are all present in the building. A project needs both, and the certificate alone does not satisfy the NCC.

Who is responsible for confirming the glass schedule?

The supplier normally prepares it, the project engineer or facade consultant verifies it where the building is engineered, and the builder is responsible for installing what was specified. The building surveyor or certifier confirms that the documentation demonstrates compliance. Responsibility is shared, which is why the schedule should be a controlled document with a revision number.

Can safety glazing be identified after installation?

Yes, if it is permanently marked as required. The mark identifies the standard and grade, and it should be visible on every panel at handover. If a panel has been filmed, coated or obscured, the project needs another way to demonstrate classification, such as the delivery record and the manufacturer’s certification for that panel.

Does a 960 Pa water tightness result apply to every Meichen door?

No. The 960 Pa result is a tested performance for the relevant system and configuration, associated with the SD205-AS960 range. Each project should confirm that its selected product, size and configuration fall within the tested scope, and compare the result with the project’s design pressure.

How is condensation handled in NCC compliance?

The NCC condensation management provisions deal with moisture sources, ventilation and vapour control, and they work alongside the energy-efficiency provisions. Thermally broken frames, double glazing, controlled ventilation and a correctly drained and ventilated wall cavity are the main measures. Condensation is a building envelope and services issue, not only a window issue.

Do state variations change the glazing requirement?

They can. Each state and territory adopts the NCC on its own timetable and publishes its own variations, and additional schemes such as BASIX in New South Wales impose commitments beyond the NCC minimum. The applicable variation schedule should be confirmed with the certifier for the permit application date.

Is Meichen CodeMark certified?

No. CodeMark certification is actively being pursued and is not currently held. Meichen holds Australian certification for 43 product series across AS 2047, AS 4284, AS 1288, AS 4666 and AS 2208, and New Zealand certification for 13 product lines against SNZ TS 4211:2022 and SNZ 4223.

Conclusion

NCC glazing compliance for aluminium windows and external glazed doors is a chain, not a certificate. It begins with the correct NCC volume and the applicable state variation, continues through structural load separation at the head gap and fixings, glass selection under AS 1288 with the right human-impact classification under AS 2208, and product evidence under AS 2047 and AS 4284. It ends with installation records that show the tested system was installed as tested, and with condensation measures that keep the assembly dry in service.

Projects that treat these as separate tasks tend to discover the gaps at inspection. Projects that assemble the evidence as they build, opening by opening, find that compliance is simply a by-product of good coordination. Confirm the applicable edition and variation, hold the four inspection points, keep the records against the opening numbers, and verify every claim about certification against the current certificate scope. That discipline is what carries a glazing package from design review through to handover without rework.

References

Australian Building Codes Board. NCC 2025, ABCB Housing Provisions, Part 8.2 Windows and external glazed doors. https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/ncc-2025/adopted/housing-provisions/8-glazing/part-82-windows-and-external-glazed-doors
Australian Building Codes Board. NCC 2025, ABCB Housing Provisions, Part 8.4 Glazing and human impact. https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/ncc-2025/adopted/housing-provisions/8-glazing/part-84-glazing-human-impact
Australian Building Codes Board. NCC 2025, ABCB Housing Provisions, Part 13.3 External glazing. https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/ncc-2025/adopted/housing-provisions/13-energy-efficiency/part-133-external-glazing
Australian Building Codes Board. NCC 2025, Volume Two, Part H6 Energy efficiency. https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/ncc-2025/adopted/volume-two/h-class-1-and-10-buildings/part-h6-energy-efficiency
Australian Building Codes Board. NCC 2025, Volume One, Section J Energy efficiency. https://ncc.abcb.gov.au/editions/ncc-2025/adopted/volume-one
Standards Australia. AS 2047, Windows and external glazed doors in buildings. https://www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia. AS 1288, Glass in buildings – Selection and installation. https://www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia. AS 2208, Safety glazing materials in buildings. https://www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia. AS 4284, Testing of building facades. https://www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia. AS/NZS 4666, Insulating glass units. https://www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia. AS 4055, Wind loads for housing; AS/NZS 1170.2, Structural design actions – Wind actions. https://www.standards.org.au
Standards New Zealand. SNZ TS 4211:2022 and SNZ 4223, glazing and window performance. https://www.standards.govt.nz
Meichen International Windows & Doors. Product ranges, certifications and performance data. https://mcwindow.com.au