Heritage Window Colour Matching with Aluminium Frames: Profiles, Glazing and Planning

Colour is the first thing a consent authority sees in a photograph and the last thing a homeowner stops noticing from the street. When an aluminium window is proposed for a heritage building, the conversation almost always begins with colour and almost never stays there. The colour is the visible symptom of a larger question: whether a modern, engineered window system can be made to sit convincingly inside an older facade without pretending to be something it is not.

That question has a practical answer, but the answer is a process rather than a product. It begins with the heritage controls that apply to the site, moves through a defensible colour and finish position, then continues into profile selection, proportions, glazing, reveals, thermal and acoustic intent, approvals and long-term maintenance. Skip any of those steps and the colour decision becomes fragile, because the frame will match the wall while the reflection, the sightline and the reveal depth quietly contradict it.

This guide sets out that process for architects, builders, joiners, planners and owners working on heritage and character buildings in Australia and New Zealand. It deliberately avoids colour codes, proprietary finish references, prices, dimensions and performance figures, because those must come from the project, the supplier’s tested system and the relevant authority. What follows is the reasoning that lets a project team ask for the right information in the right order.

Why Heritage Colour Matching Is a Different Discipline

In a new building, colour is a design choice. In a heritage building, colour is evidence. The existing paint, the surviving anodising, the render, the stone and the brickwork all record decisions made by people who are no longer available to explain them. A colour proposal is therefore read as an argument about significance, not only as a preference.

Period Correct Versus Visually Coherent

These two ideas are often treated as synonyms and they are not. Period correct means the colour can be defended as plausible for the building’s construction date or for a documented later phase. Visually coherent means the finished elevation reads as a single composition from the street, with the new element neither disappearing nor shouting. A scheme can be period correct and still visually incoherent, for example when a historically defensible dark frame is placed beside existing pale joinery that will not be repainted. A scheme can also be visually coherent and historically weak, where a neutral tone blends everything into a pleasant but meaningless grey.

Good heritage outcomes usually satisfy both, and the order matters. Establish what is defensible first, then test whether it works visually across the whole elevation.

What Heritage Controls Actually Govern

Heritage controls rarely specify a colour. They typically control works to a place of heritage significance, and the colour of a new window is assessed as part of whether those works are acceptable. The controls come from a listing or schedule entry, an incorporated conservation document, a local planning provision or a design guideline, and each of these has a different legal weight. A state or territorial heritage register entry is not the same instrument as a local heritage overlay, and neither is the same as a heritage management plan adopted by a council.

Because of that, a colour match cannot be assessed in isolation. It is assessed as one part of an application that also describes the window type, the opening it sits in, the glazing, the reveal treatment and the visibility of the change from public areas.

The Heritage Planning Framework

Statutory Listings and Their Scope

The first task on any heritage project is to establish exactly what is listed and what is not. A listing may cover a whole building, a facade, a curtilage, a group of buildings, a streetscape or an interior. It may protect fabric, or it may protect setting and views. The extent of the listing determines whether a window replacement is a minor works item, a notifiable application or a prohibited change.

It also determines who is the consent authority and what they will ask for. Two identical windows in two neighbouring buildings can follow completely different approval paths because one building is individually listed and the other sits only within a heritage precinct.

Conservation Documents and Impact Statements

Where a conservation management plan, heritage impact statement or heritage citation exists, read it before drawing anything. These documents usually state which elements contribute to significance and which are neutral or intrusive. Windows are frequently identified in one of three ways: original and highly significant, early but altered, or already replaced and of little fabric value.

That classification changes the design brief. A window identified as significant fabric invites retention, repair or like-for-like reconstruction. A window already replaced invites a considered contemporary insertion that improves performance and can be read as a later layer. Replacing a significant window with a new aluminium unit on the grounds that the old one is inefficient is usually the weakest possible argument, and it is usually avoidable.

When Consent Is Needed and When It Is Not

Minor works exemptions exist in most jurisdictions, but they are narrow and they are almost never about appearance. Repainting in substantially the same colour is commonly treated differently from changing the colour. Repairing a sash is treated differently from replacing it. Re-glazing an existing frame is treated differently from installing a new frame.

Because the boundaries are set locally, the responsible course is to confirm the position with the consent authority in writing before ordering material. A short pre-application conversation costs very little compared with a refused application after fabrication.

Where Colour Matching Stops: Defining the Boundaries

The phrase colour matching promises more than any coating can deliver. A new finish can be matched to a reference, but it cannot reproduce the age, the chalk, the dirt, the oxidisation and the inconsistent film thickness of a surface that has been weathering for decades. Honest projects define the boundary early.

Matching a Paint That Has Aged

An existing painted frame is not a single colour. It carries the original coating, at least one later coat, patch repairs, sun-affected faces, shaded faces and biological growth. Sampling the darkest or lightest patch will produce a mismatch somewhere. The practical approach is to agree a reference area with the authority, usually a protected or less weathered surface, and to match to that reference rather than to an average.

It is also worth recording that a solvent-borne heritage paint and a factory-applied coating on aluminium will never behave identically. They may be close in hue under flat light and visibly different in raking sunlight, because the surface texture and the reflectance differ.

Matching an Anodised or Mill Finish

Anodising is not paint. Its appearance comes from a controlled oxide layer, and its character depends on the alloy, the mechanical finish and the anodising process rather than on a pigment. A powder coating can be formulated to approximate the tone of an aged anodised surface, but it will not reproduce the metallic depth. Where the existing joinery is anodised, the more defensible strategy is often to specify an anodised finish in a compatible category and accept that new and old anodising will differ until the new surface weathers.

Matching Across Different Substrates

Aluminium, timber, steel, cast iron and masonry hold coatings differently. The same nominal colour applied to a smooth extrusion and to a rough timber section will read as two colours at close range. Flush glazing beads, cover caps, flashings, louvres and door hardware introduce further variations, and small components are frequently finished by a different process from the main frame.

A workable specification therefore states the colour intent, the finish category, the substrate and the components covered, and it states plainly which adjacent items are excluded. That last clause prevents most disputes.

The Honest Position: Sympathetic Rather Than Identical

The strongest heritage applications usually describe the proposal as a sympathetic match, supported by physical samples, rather than as an exact reproduction. That framing is accurate, it is achievable, and it gives the authority a basis for conditions that can actually be met on site.

Powder Coating and Anodising as Finish Categories

Two finish families dominate aluminium fenestration. They are not interchangeable, and the heritage argument for each is different.

Powder Coating: Range and Control

Powder coating applies a dry, electrostatically charged powder that is cured into a continuous film. Its advantages in a heritage context are breadth of colour, consistency between batches, and the ability to match a nominated reference reasonably closely. Colour is controlled at the applicator, not on site, which is precisely what a consent authority wants to see.

The variables that matter are pretreatment, film build, curing and the grade of coating selected for the exposure. A well pretreated and correctly cured coating in a modest grade will outperform a premium grade applied over poor pretreatment. The heritage question is colour; the durability question is process, and process should be documented rather than assumed.

Anodising: Depth and Metal Character

Anodising converts the aluminium surface into an oxide layer that is integral to the metal. It does not chip or peel in the way a film-forming coating can, and it retains a metallic quality that many mid-century and late-twentieth-century buildings depend on. Its colour range is narrower, its tonal consistency between production runs requires care, and its appearance changes measurably as the oxide layer ages.

For buildings of the post-war period, an anodised finish is often the more honest specification even when a powder coating could be formulated to look similar. For nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century buildings, anodising is usually the wrong argument, because the original joinery was painted timber or painted steel.

Choosing Between the Categories

The decision should follow three questions. What was the original finish on this building? What will the authority accept as consistent with significance? What can be maintained over the life of the installation? Where the first two answers conflict, the third often breaks the tie, because a finish that cannot be maintained will fail visibly and become the next heritage problem.

Finish Quality Is Not a Colour Question

It is common for a project to spend weeks on hue and no time on pretreatment, drainage of the coating line, rack marks or handling damage. Those issues appear later as blistering, filiform corrosion, inconsistent gloss or edge wear, and they are far more damaging to a heritage elevation than a small tonal difference. Specify the pretreatment regime, the coating class and the inspection standard, and require the applicator to confirm them in writing.

Profiles: Reading a Heritage Window

Aluminium is extruded, which means the profile is designed rather than carved. That is an advantage in heritage work, because a section can be developed to reproduce a moulding sequence, and a limitation, because extrusion favours constant sections and rewards simplicity.

Box Frames, Sashes and Sightline Logic

Older windows were built around a logic of overlapping members: a box frame with a recessed sash, a putty bead holding the glass, a staff bead retaining the sash, and a parting bead separating the sashes. Each element casts a small shadow, and those shadows are a large part of why the window reads as old.

An aluminium adaptation can preserve that logic. It can combine a perimeter frame with a sash section that carries a stepped face, a glazing bead that mimics a putty bead, and a shadow line where the sash meets the frame. What it cannot easily do is reproduce deep hand-worked mouldings at small scale, and it should not try. A confident modern interpretation usually reads better than an ambitious imitation.

Adapting a Section to a Period Silhouette

The useful discipline is to sketch the section at the scale at which it will be seen. From the street, the eye registers the outline, the depth of the reveal and the rhythm of the members, not the fine detail. A section developed around those three readings will succeed where a section developed from a photograph will not.

It is also worth deciding early whether the new window is a full replacement, an insert within retained reveals, or a secondary glazing system behind existing sashes. Each option implies a different profile depth, a different fixing strategy and a different level of intervention, and each will be assessed differently by the authority.

Where Aluminium Reveals Itself

Aluminium announces itself through sharp arrises, uniform faces, thin visible wall thicknesses at edges and the absence of joints where timber would have shrunk. These are the details a heritage officer will notice. Rounded or chamfered edges, a slightly heavier face, expressed joints at the corners and a consistent bead line will do more for acceptance than a closer colour match on a poorly resolved section.

Proportions and the Composition of the Facade

Glass-to-Frame Ratio

Replacement windows frequently fail visually because the glass area grows and the frame shrinks. In an older building, the frame occupied a substantial part of the opening and the glass sat behind it. A modern unit with narrow members and flush glazing changes the proportion of solid to void, and the elevation loses its weight even when the colour is right.

The remedy is to design the visible frame area deliberately, treating the combined width of stiles, rails and beads as a composition element rather than an outcome of the system chosen.

Mullion and Transom Placement

Where an opening is divided, the position of the divisions carries the proportions of the facade. A transom that sits fractionally too high or a mullion that sits slightly off centre is more noticeable than a small colour shift, because the eye compares it with the storey heights and the neighbouring openings.

Any change to divisions should be drawn over an elevation photograph at the correct scale and reviewed from the public viewing distance, not from a detail drawing.

Consistency Across an Elevation

Heritage applications are often refused not for a single bad window but for an inconsistent elevation: one opening in a new profile, the rest in the old, with two colours and two reflection characteristics competing. Where a staged replacement is proposed, the application should describe the sequence and the final state, so the authority assesses the end result rather than an interim mix.

Glazing in a Heritage Context

Glass Character and Reflection

Historic glass is rarely flat, rarely clear and rarely uniform. It carries distortion, a slight green or grey cast, and a reflectivity that changes across the pane. Modern float glass is flatter and more uniformly reflective, and in a heritage street that difference is visible before any colour difference is noticed.

Where original glass survives and is not required to be replaced for safety reasons, retention is usually the best heritage outcome. Where it must be replaced, the specification should describe the desired visual character rather than only the performance requirement.

Safety Glazing Obligations

Human impact safety is governed in Australia by AS 1288, and the requirement applies to the glazing in the finished installation regardless of the age of the building. A heritage approval does not override a safety obligation, and a safety obligation does not by itself justify destroying significant glass. The resolution is usually a glazing specification that satisfies both, developed with the glazier and confirmed against the standard.

Insulating Glass Units and the Visual Compromise

An insulating glass unit introduces a second pane, a spacer and a sealed cavity. Each of those affects appearance: the spacer creates a visible edge line, the cavity changes the depth of reflection, and coatings alter the colour of the glass in transmission and reflection. In a heritage opening with a deep reveal, these effects are usually manageable. In a shallow opening they can dominate.

The specification should state how the unit is intended to read from outside, and the sample submitted for approval should be a complete unit rather than a colour chip or a single pane.

Leadlight, Stained Glass and Decorative Glass

Decorative glazing is usually the most significant glass in a heritage building and the least compatible with replacement. Where it survives, the design task is to protect and retain it, often by isolating it from the weather with a secondary pane or by re-leading it within a new frame. Where it does not survive, the design task becomes a conservation question rather than a window question, and a specialist should be engaged before anything is removed.

Reveals, Linings and the Interior Edge

Reveal Depth and the Sense of Thickness

The depth of the reveal is one of the strongest signals of a building’s age. A deep set window in a thick wall reads as solid construction; a window sitting nearly flush with the facade reads as a modern insertion. When a new frame is set forward or backward relative to the original, the whole wall appears to change thickness.

Setting the new frame at the same plane as the original, and preserving the reveal depth even where the new frame is thinner, is often the single most effective heritage measure available.

Sill, Architrave and the Junction With the Wall

The internal sill, the architrave or scotia, the plaster reveal and the skirting all meet the window. A replacement that ignores those junctions forces the plasterer, the joiner and the painter to improvise, and improvisation is visible. The detail should be drawn before the frame is ordered, including how the new frame is fixed, how the cavity is closed, and how the lining returns to the reveal.

Making Good and the Interior Finish

Interior making good is frequently left out of the heritage assessment and then dominates the owner’s experience. The application should describe the intended finish of the reveals and linings after installation, so that the approved outcome includes the interior as well as the street elevation.

Thermal and Acoustic Upgrades as Project-Specific Outcomes

Why No Generic Figure Can Be Promised

Performance belongs to the whole assembly and to the building, not to the frame in isolation. The glass, the spacer, the frame material and thermal break, the installation tolerance, the sealing detail, the surrounding wall construction and the room geometry all contribute. A window that performs well in a laboratory rig will not necessarily perform the same way in a solid brick wall with a deep reveal and an uninsulated floor.

Any thermal or acoustic claim should therefore be treated as a project-specific outcome that must be supported by the supplier’s tested system data, the installation detail and, where required, project modelling. A general article cannot and should not nominate a figure.

Double Glazing Within an Existing Opening

The constraint in heritage work is usually depth, not capability. A deep reveal may accept a full insulating unit in a new frame; a shallow one may require a thinner unit, a secondary pane, or a full redesign of the frame and lining. Each option carries a different visual consequence, and the visual consequence should be assessed before the thermal benefit is promised.

It is also worth remembering that improving the window alone can change how the rest of the envelope behaves, including where condensation forms and how the building ventilates. Those interactions should be considered at the design stage rather than discovered in the first winter.

Acoustic Upgrades and the Weak Links

Sound transmission through a window assembly is governed by the glass, the cavity, the frame and, critically, the airtightness of the installed unit. A well specified glazing package installed with gaps at the head or an unsealed reveal will underperform a more modest package installed well. In heritage buildings, the weak links are often the box frame cavity, the sash meeting stiles and the junction between the frame and the wall.

Acoustic intent should be described in terms of the outcome required for the room and the noise source, then verified by the project’s acoustic consultant against the supplier’s tested data.

Condensation and Ventilation

Warmer internal surfaces reduce condensation risk, but they also reduce the incidental drying that older, leakier windows provided. Heritage buildings often rely on background infiltration for ventilation, and sealing that path without providing a replacement can create moisture problems elsewhere. Any upgrade should be paired with a deliberate ventilation strategy.

Approvals and Evidence

What a Consent Authority Will Want to See

Most heritage applications for window replacement are decided on a small set of documents: a statement of significance, a description of the existing window with photographs, a drawing of the proposed window, a colour and finish sample, a glazing description, and a justification that explains why the proposal is acceptable. Applications that fail usually fail because one of those is missing or because the justification argues performance instead of heritage.

The strongest justifications address the effect on significance directly: what is retained, what is changed, why the change is necessary, and how the change could be reversed if a future owner wished to do so.

Samples, Mock-Ups and Site Inspection

A colour chip is not a window. Authorities increasingly ask for a physical sample of the coated section, and sometimes for a mock-up of one opening installed before the remainder is fabricated. A mock-up resolves the arguments that drawings cannot: how the finish reads in the street, how the reveal depth looks, how the glass reflects and how the frame meets the existing wall.

Where a mock-up is required, the approval conditions usually describe how long it stays in place and who inspects it. Those conditions should be built into the programme, not treated as an afterthought.

The Documentation Set

A complete submission for a heritage window replacement typically includes the existing and proposed elevations, a section through the head, jamb and sill, a schedule of windows with the treatment for each, the finish specification, the glazing specification, the fixing and sealing details, and the maintenance intent. Producing that set once, properly, is faster than answering three rounds of requests for information.

Standards and Compliance Framework

Heritage approval and technical compliance are separate processes that must both be satisfied. The heritage authority decides whether the work is acceptable to the place; the building regulatory framework decides whether the window is safe, structurally adequate and fit for its intended use.

The NCC and the ABCB

In Australia, the National Construction Code sets the performance requirements for building work, and the Australian Building Codes Board maintains and develops it. The NCC is performance based, and compliance is demonstrated through the deemed-to-satisfy provisions or through an alternative solution. For windows, the relevant requirements span structural adequacy, weatherproofing, energy efficiency, fire safety and glazing safety, and the applicable edition depends on the jurisdiction and the date of the project.

Heritage buildings are not exempt from the NCC, although certain existing-building provisions recognise the constraints of alteration work. Where full compliance with a deemed-to-satisfy provision is impractical, the alternative is a documented performance solution, which requires evidence rather than assertion.

AS 1288 and Glazing Safety

AS 1288 governs glass in buildings, including the selection of glass by type, thickness and location, and the human impact safety requirements that apply to the finished installation. It is the standard that translates a design intent into a glazing schedule. In heritage work it is also the standard most likely to conflict with a desire to retain original glass, which is why glazing decisions should be made with the glazier and the certifier rather than after the frames are ordered.

AS 2047 and Evidence of Window Performance

AS 2047 sets out the performance requirements and classification for windows and doors in buildings, covering structural performance under wind load, water penetration resistance and air infiltration. A supplier’s compliance with AS 2047 is demonstrated through testing and certification of a defined system, and the classification that applies to a project depends on the wind load at the site and on the size and configuration of the unit.

Two points matter in heritage work. First, the tested system must match the proposed configuration; a certificate for a different size, sash arrangement or glazing build does not automatically extend to the design being proposed. Second, the tested performance depends on correct installation, so the fixing and sealing detail is part of the compliance evidence, not a separate trade concern.

Supporting standards commonly referenced alongside AS 2047 include AS 4284 for laboratory testing of windows, AS 4666 for insulated glass units, AS/NZS 2208 for safety glazing materials, and AS 4055 for wind loads on residential housing. Each addresses a different part of the evidence chain.

New Zealand References

In New Zealand, the Building Code sets performance requirements through its clauses, including those dealing with structure, durability, external moisture, hazard from heat sources and energy efficiency. Compliance is demonstrated through the acceptable solutions and verification methods, or through an alternative solution supported by evidence. MBIE administers the building system and publishes guidance that is frequently updated, so the applicable version should be confirmed for each project.

Window performance in New Zealand is generally assessed against NZS 4211, which classifies windows and doors by wind zone and by performance in air, water and structural terms. Glazing is addressed through NZS 4223, which covers glass selection, human impact safety and structural loads on glass, and through the supporting parts dealing with insulating glass units and safety glazing. Recent updates to the window standard have been published as SNZ TS 4211:2022, and projects should confirm with the supplier and the building consent authority which version applies.

For heritage buildings, the consent pathway typically runs through a resource consent for the heritage effects and a building consent for the construction, and the two are assessed against different tests. A resource consent granting approval for the appearance of a window does not establish compliance with the Building Code, and vice versa.

What Compliance Does Not Cover

A compliance certificate does not certify that a window looks right, that the colour is acceptable or that the installation will age gracefully. Those outcomes depend on the design and application process described earlier in this guide. Treating a certificate as a substitute for a heritage argument is one of the most common errors in replacement projects.

Maintenance of a Heritage-Matched Finish

Cleaning and Chemistry

Factory coatings are durable but not indestructible. Abrasive cleaners, strong solvents and aggressive pads will dull a powder coating or stain an anodised surface, and the damage is usually permanent. The supplier’s cleaning instructions should be followed, and the cleaning regime should be written into the building’s maintenance schedule so that it survives a change of owner or facility manager.

Coastal and industrial environments require more frequent washing to remove salt and airborne contaminants before they bond to the surface. In those locations the interval between cleans is a specification decision, not a housekeeping preference.

Inspection Cycles

A periodic inspection should look at the frame, the beads, the seals, the drainage paths and the fixings, not only at the visible face. Water staining, chalky residue, localised corrosion at cut edges and sealant movement are early indicators that something needs attention. Recording the condition at each inspection creates the history that supports a warranty claim if one becomes necessary.

Repair and Recoating

Local damage to a factory finish cannot usually be repaired invisibly on site. The practical options are touch-up for small areas, replacement of the affected component, or removal and recoating of the frame. Each option has a visual consequence, and in a heritage elevation that consequence should be considered before a repair is attempted.

Full recoating of an installed frame is possible but demands careful masking, surface preparation and a coating system compatible with the existing finish. It is a specialist task, and it should be planned rather than improvised.

Common Failure Modes in Heritage Window Projects

Most disappointing outcomes are predictable, and most of them are decided before fabrication.

Colour approved from a digital image or a small chip rather than a coated section viewed in the street.
Frame area reduced so far that the elevation loses its solid-to-void proportion.
Reveal depth changed, making a thick wall read as thin.
Glazing selected for performance without assessing its reflection and colour in transmission.
Certification assumed for a configuration that was never tested.
Installation sealing treated as a separate trade responsibility and left unresolved.
Interior making good excluded from the approval and from the budget.
Maintenance regime never documented, so the finish degrades faster than expected.

Each of these can be closed out with a drawing, a sample or a written confirmation. The cost of doing so at design stage is trivial compared with the cost of correction after installation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can an Aluminium Window Genuinely Pass as a Timber Window?

At a distance, often yes; at close range, less so. Aluminium can reproduce the outline, the reveal depth and the member rhythm that the eye reads from the street, and a well-designed section can carry a stepped face and a bead line that suggest traditional joinery. What it will not reproduce is the texture, the slight irregularity and the joint behaviour of timber. The realistic aim is a convincing interpretation rather than an imitation, and that aim is usually accepted where the building has already been altered.

Should the New Window Match the Existing Colour Exactly?

Usually it should match closely enough that the elevation reads as one composition, and the match should be agreed against a physical sample viewed in place. An exact match to a weathered surface is not achievable, and pursuing one often produces a tone that is too dark or too saturated once installed. A documented, sample-based decision is more defensible than a nominal reference.

Is Replacing Original Windows Ever Acceptable?

Sometimes, particularly where the original fabric has already been lost, where the window is structurally beyond repair, or where the safety of occupants cannot otherwise be assured. The argument has to be made on heritage grounds, supported by evidence of condition, and it is stronger when paired with a proposal that retains significant glass, preserves the reveal and reads correctly from the street.

Do I Need a Heritage Consultant?

For a listed building, a heritage impact statement prepared by a suitably qualified consultant is often expected, and it is usually the fastest route through assessment. For a building in a heritage precinct with a straightforward like-for-like replacement, a well-prepared applicant submission may be sufficient, but the position should be confirmed with the authority first.

How Long Does Approval Take?

Timeframes vary widely between jurisdictions and depend on whether the application is straightforward, whether a mock-up is required and whether the authority seeks external advice. The only reliable approach is to ask the authority at pre-application stage and to programme the fabrication lead time after approval rather than before it.

What About the Rest of the Building?

A window replacement rarely stands alone. Repainting, render repair, sill reconstruction and interior lining work usually follow, and each has its own heritage and compliance implications. Considering the whole elevation, rather than the window as an isolated product, produces a better result and a simpler approval.

Conclusion

Heritage window colour matching with aluminium frames works when it is treated as a design and planning exercise rather than a paint order. The colour is the visible outcome, but it is produced by a chain of decisions: what the listing protects, what the original finish actually was, which finish family is defensible, how the profile reads at street distance, whether the proportions survive, how the glass behaves, how deep the reveal remains, and how the installation will be maintained.

Where that chain is respected, an aluminium window can sit comfortably in an older facade and improve the building’s performance at the same time. Where it is skipped, the result is a window that matches a colour chip and nothing else. The discipline is to define the boundaries early, evidence every claim, and let the authority assess a complete proposal rather than an isolated sample.

Every value in a heritage submission should be traceable to a source: the supplier’s tested system data, the project’s own engineering, or the applicable standard. Nothing in this guide should be read as a performance figure, a colour reference or an approval outcome for a specific project.

References

National Construction Code, Australian Building Codes Board, current edition applicable to the project jurisdiction.
AS 1288, Glass in buildings – Selection and installation.
AS 2047, Windows and external glazed doors in buildings.
AS 4284, Testing of building facades.
AS 4666, Insulating glass units.
AS/NZS 2208, Safety glazing materials in buildings.
AS 4055, Wind loads for housing.
NZS 4211, Specification for performance of windows.
SNZ TS 4211:2022, Specification for performance of windows (technical specification).
NZS 4223, Glazing in buildings, including parts on insulating glass units and human impact.
New Zealand Building Code, clauses B1, B2, E2, E3 and H1, administered by MBIE.
Relevant state, territorial and local heritage registers, conservation management plans and heritage design guidelines for the subject site.

Heritage Window Colour Matching with Aluminium Frames: Profiles, Glazing and Planning